Reference

 Jeff's Reference Page

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Reference Page, put it in perspective

What i'm attempting here is to make sence of those weirdo dates you read about the oldest person and furthest planet. Or the 10 million volts that hit some guy playing golf. Take a look at the link Nate found... How Stuff Works. -jef

Great Infographic of Size

Current 0.2 Amps P100 Laptop Running 0.4 Amps P100 Laptop Running with Screen on 0.4 Amps AMD400 Running 0.9 Amps AMD1600 Running Idle (2hdds) 1.1 Amps AMD1600 Running & working 15 Amps Laserjet4 spikes ~once a minute 10^-12 Synaptic current (never cell in brain) 10^-10 10^-8 Integrated circuits memory cell 10^-6 10^-4 Typical integrated circuit Thereshold of sensation (in humans) 10^-2 Causes ventricular fibrillation (deadly) 10^-0 Typical Household appliance 10^2 Large Industrial appliance 10^4 Lightning bolt 6 billion billion electrons per second = 1 Ampere Voltage 10^-8 Antenna of radio receiver 10^-6 Electroencephalography (EEG) Human scalp 10^-4 Electrocardiogram (EKG) Human chest 10^-2 10^-0 Flashlight battery Voltage on integrated circuits 10^2 House wiring Large industrial motors 10^4 TV picture tube 10^6 Cross country high tension transmission line 10^8 Lightning

Power 10^-14 Earth receiver from a geosynchronc satlite 10^-12 10^-10 Superconducting Gate 10^-8 Average Human Brain Cell 10^-6 Typical CMOS gate (IC) 10^-4 Bipolar transistor (small signals) 10^-2 Electronic calculator 10^-0 Microprocessor chip 10^2 Lightbulb Power in a 5 hp lawn mower, Radio Station 10^4 Large industrial motor 10^6 Hydro-electric plant 10^8 Nuclear power plant High energy pulse laser 10^10 10^12 Nuclear weapons effects simulator Inertial containment fusion experiment 10^14 1 Horse power = 33,000 foot-lbs/min (lbs moved one foot in one min) 1 Horse power = 746 Watts 1 Watt = 1 joule of work/sec 16,500 Watts is KVSC small radio station 1 BTU (British Thermal Unit) = amount of heat to raise gallon of water 1 degF 1 BTU = heat energy released by striking a kitchen match

Time Year - - - - - - - Event Massive Black Hole Evaporates in: ten thousand trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion years 14,000,000,000 BC Big Bang 6,000,000,000 BC Earth 4,000,000,000 BC Life (simple) 4,000,000,000 Mars lost atmosphere 1,000,000,000 BC Oldest layer in Grand Canyon 600,000,000 BC Snowball Earth 500,000,000 BC Life (complex) 225,000,000 BC One Continent Pangaea 180,000,000 Earily African Dinosaurs 65,000,000 Dinosaurs Die 40,000,000 Pangaea Separates 15,000,000 Earliest ProtoHuman Found 6,000,000 Chimps / Human Diverge 3,200,000 Lucy Early Human 1,000,000 Grand Canyon Started 350,000 BC Bi Ped Creatures 93,000 BC Human (modern) 20,000 BC Farming 10,000 BC Glacier Over N. America 4,004 BC Religious Beginning of Time 950 BC Greeks 330 BC Hellenistic 150 BC Romans 500 Middle Ages 1,789 Modern Period 1,800 Goto Work 1,812 Nepolean 1,215 King John - Magna Carta (modern govt) 1,400 Market Economies There have been 1026 nanoseconds since the big bang Radio, Light, Lasar (concentrated light), Microwaves, Gamma 3-30kHz VLF Very low frequcency 30-300kHz LF Low frequency 3-30Mhz HF High frequency (Short wave) 30-300Mhz VHF Very high frequency 300-3000Mhz UHF Ultrahigh frequency 3-30Ghz SHF Superhigh frequceny 30-300Ghz EHF Extremely high frequcency CB radio is 27Mhz and 4-5 watts FM radio is 88-108Mhz 147.015 Collegeville repeater (Superlink, great range, will have 85.4 tone soon) 147.105 Stearns County Emergency Services Repeater (85.4 tone) 146.940 St. Cloud Repeater (Autopatch) 146.835 Elvin's Repeater (Has voicemail - 85.4 tone) Lots More Frequencies Odds Car Crash: 1-in-100 Electrocution: 1-in-5,000 Asteroid Impact: 1-in-20,000 Plane Crash: 1-in-20,000 Tornado: 1-in-60,000 Bite or Sting: 1-in-100,000 Powerball Lotto: 1 in 120,526,770 (5 out of 53, one out of 42) Money 3M$ Cost of launching Space Shuttle 86M$ Cost of destruction in Oklahoma City bombing 100M$ Cost of building and launching a Satillite 140M$ Creation of Pearl Harbor movie 14B$ Enemies Combined (Iran, Iraq, Syria, NorthKorea,etc) 127B$ Russia, China,India, Taiwan combined 330B$ US Military Spending 2002 555B$ US and NATO combined 3T$ US Govt Spending 13T$ US Economy Air 78.0842% Nitrogen 20.9463% Oxygen 0.93422% Argon 0.03811% Carbon dioxide about 1% Water vapor 0.002% Other CO2 in Air =3.2 (±0.2) Total Atmospheric increase +6.3 (±0.4) Emissions from fossil fuels -2.2 (±0.8) Net emissions from changes in land use -2.4 (±0.7) Oceanic uptake -2.9 (±1.1) Missing carbon sink Wiki last 400k years CO2 Wiki last 500million years CO2

Speed 186,300 mpSecond Light 18 mpSecond Earth in its orbit 24,000 mph to Escape Earth 78,000 mph Max Speed of Deep Space 1 People 230,000 - People killed in Hirosima 4 Million - Minnesota Population 6 Million - Jews Killed by Hitler in WWII 27 Million - Inca People died from Small Poxs (of 30 Million) 280 Million - US Population 36T - 70 Trillion - Global Savings Space 1 Parsec = 3.26 light years 1 Parsec = 30.86 trillion km (19 trillion mi) 1 Parsec = 206,265 astronomical units 4 Light Years = Solar System Orion Arm of Milky Way 100k Light Years = Milky Way Galaxy 10 Million Light Years = Local Group (47 Galaxies) 110 Million Light Years = Virgo Super Cluster 980 Million Light Year = Pisces Cetus Super Cluster Complex 91 Billion Light Years = Universe Earth to Sun = 1 astronomical unit Nearest star, 61 Cygni is 3 parsecs away. Milky Way = 30,000 parsecs in diameter Sun circles the Milky Way each 250 million years, 56 times since the big bang 500x zoom sperm DNA 500x zoom chomozone DNA 5000x zoom individual heulix Universe 4% atoms 25% dark matter 71% dark energy mostly flat current physics super string theory 200 billion stars in Milky Way Galaxy Brain 100 billion neurons 1k connections per neuron (axon) Thrust 3 milliNewtons = 600 sq meters solar sail 3 mN = lift a feather 10 mN = ion thruster 60 mN = us quarter 80 mN = hall efect thruster Mass Universe = 1075 atoms in the entire universe Proton = 1.673 x 10^-24 g Mars = 1/10th Earth Earth = 6 billion trillion tons Earth = 6 x 10^21 tons Black Hole = 3million suns in size dust particle 1 second = 4 Million Tons of Sun's Mass changes to Energy Data Rates Chart from Nate DS0 (Phone) 8bit x 8khz = 64 kbit/sec = 8 k/sec (but quite lossy) DSL, ISDN = 64 kbit digital Cable = typical 1.5 Mbit = 183 k/sec max T1 (DS1) = 24 phone lines = 1.5 Mbit T3 = 3 x T1 = 4.5 Mbit Sychronous OPtical NETwork(SONET) Optical Carrier(OC) OC1 = 51.84 Mbit/sec OC3 = 155.52 Mbit/sec OC12 = 622.08 Mbit/sec OC48 = 2.488 Gbit/sec OC192 = 8.6 Gbit/sec WDM/OC-48 = 42 Gbit/sec (645,120 voice channels) FibreChannel Ethernet 100baseT = 100 Mbit/sec Ethernet 10baseT = 10 Mbit (in theory) i get 300k bytes/sec with ISA and 1M bytes/sec with PCI Ethernet Wireless = 350 Kbit/sec Ethernet "Plug in Net" = 350 Kbit/sec ISA = 8 Mbit/sec = 1 Mbyte/sec PCI 32bit = 133 Mbit/sec AGP = 267 Mbit/sec AGPX2 = 533 Mbit/sec AGPX4 = 1,067 Mbit/sec Serial Port = 115,200 bit/sec, 14 kbytes/sec Parrell Port = 81 kbytes/sec, 4.8MB/min USB = 1.5 Mbit/sec FireWire = 100 Mbit/sec TV Resolutions (Scan LInes) HFC Televsion Services HDTV 16x9 ratio screen HDTV 720 x 1080 interlaced SDTV 480 x 960 interlaced NTSC 480x 960 interlaced VHS = 240 lines DVD = 480 typically S-Video (also knows as "SVHS" and "Y/C") = 420

References... dont need no stinkin references!